Most sink-float separation tanks are bought on a single number — a target throughput in kg/h — and that is exactly why so many of them underperform once real post-consumer material starts flowing. A tank that looks correctly sized on paper can still hand you contaminated flake, runaway water bills, or a sludge problem nobody planned for. Sizing a sink-float tank well means matching it to your feedstock behavior, your purity target, and the machines on either side of it — not just to a capacity figure. This guide walks through how to do that before you issue an RFQ.
What a sink-float tank actually does (and what it can’t)
A sink-float separation tank — also called a float-sink tank, float washing tank, or floating washer — separates plastics purely by density relative to water (1.0 g/cm³). Lighter-than-water polymers float and are skimmed off the surface; denser polymers and heavy contaminants sink and are dragged out at the bottom. There are no screens or sensors deciding the split — gravity and buoyancy do the work, which is why the tank is so reliable and cheap to run, and also why it has a hard limit.
| Material | Densitate (g/cm³) | Behavior in water |
|---|---|---|
| PP | 0,90–0,92 | Floats |
| PE (HDPE / LDPE) | 0.91–0.96 | Floats |
| PS | 1.04–1.07 | Sinks |
| ABS | 1.04–1.07 | Sinks |
| PET | 1,38–1,40 | Sinks |
| PVC (rigid) | 1.35–1.45 | Sinks |
The takeaway for sizing: a water tank cleanly splits floaters (PP/PE) from sinkers (PET/PVC/PS/ABS), but it cannot separate two materials that both sink. PET and PVC have overlapping densities, so both go to the bottom together. If your spec calls for sub-50-ppm PVC in rPET, you will need an electrostatic or NIR polishing step after the tank — size for that now, not later.
Step 1: Profile your feedstock before anything else
The single most useful thing you can do before sizing is characterize what is actually entering the tank. Three variables matter most:
- Polymer mix. A clean PP/PE float stream behaves completely differently from a mixed rigid post-consumer stream. The wider the density spread you need to capture, the more separation passes you want.
- Bulk density and form. Light film and fluff sit on the surface and need strong, well-placed paddles to submerge and convey; heavy rigid flake sinks fast and loads the bottom screw harder.
- Contamination load. Paper labels, glue, sand, fines, and organic residue all end up in the water and the sludge. Heavy contamination is the main reason a tank that is “big enough” on throughput still fails on purity.
If you can, run a float-sink test on a representative sample in a bucket of water. It tells you your real float:sink ratio, which directly drives skimmer and bottom-discharge sizing.
Step 2: Fix your real throughput band — not your peak
Throughput should be expressed as a band tied to a specific material, not a single headline number. A tank rated “2000 kg/h” on clean PP regrind will not hold that rate on wet, contaminated post-consumer PET, because residence time — how long each flake stays in the water — is what determines separation quality. Push material through too fast and floaters get dragged down before they surface.
Ca referință pentru planificare, benzile tipice ale mașinilor cu un singur rezervor se încadrează aproximativ în:
- 300–1,500 kg/h — majoritatea liniilor de spălare a filmului și a sticlelor, curate până la moderat contaminat.
- 1,500–3,000 kg/h — liniile cu capacitate mai mare și fluxuri post-consumator foarte contaminat (de obicei un rezervor cu trei rânduri, vezi mai jos).
- 3,500–5,000 kg/h — fabrici industriale de sticlă la sticlă, de obicei cu multiple sau rezervori de lungime extinsă.
Capacitatea reală depinde întotdeauna de geometria alimentării, densitatea specifică, contaminarea și cât de strict este ținta de puritate — astfel că acestea trebuie tratate ca puncte de plecare pentru o conversație de inginerie, nu ca garanții.
Pașul 3: Un rând vs. trei rânduri — decizia care determină dimensiunea ocupată
Aceasta este de obicei decizia de dimensiune reală. Un rezervor cu un rând permite fiecărui fragment să treacă o dată prin apă. Un rezervor de scurgere și flotare cu trei rânduri face ca materialul să parcurgă de trei ori distanța și să se înmoaie de trei ori mai mult într-un singur caroserie, ceea ce îi permite să atingă o puritate mai mare pe alimentare murdară fără a alinia trei rezervori separate în serie.
| Criterii | Rezervor cu un rând | Rezervor cu trei rânduri |
|---|---|---|
| Banda de randament | 300–1,500 kg/h | 1,000–3,000 kg/h (o unitate înlocuiește ~3 rezervori cu un rând în serie) |
| Pasi de separare | 1 pas | 3 pasi — 3× mai multă distanță și timp de înmuiere |
| Puritate tipică | 98–99% într-o etapă | 99.5%+ chiar și pe contaminarea post-consumator grea |
| Materie primă tipică | Regrind post-industrial curat; flăcări PET/HDPE pre-sortate | PET post-consumator foarte contaminat, rigizi amestecate, WEEE, ASR auto |
| Putere instalată | 5.5–15 kW | 15–22 kW |
Regula de bază: dacă ținta liniei tale este mai mare de 1,500 kg/h, sau alimentarea ta provine din balote de curte sau DRS, configurația cu trei rânduri de obicei își recuperează premiumul în primul an prin îmbunătățirea purității și prin mai puține schimbări ale ecranelor de filtrare a extruderului în aval.
Pașul 4: Dimensiunea circuitului de apă și a gestionării reziduurilor, nu doar a rezervorului
Rezervorul este partea ieftină. Sistemul de apă și reziduuri din jurul acestuia este unde se câștigă sau se pierde costul de operare, și este adesea subdimensionat.
- Water consumption. Without a treatment loop, a tank typically draws 20–30 m³ of fresh water per ton of throughput. Adding a DAF (dissolved air flotation) and sedimentation loop typically cuts that to 3–5 m³ per ton — up to ~85% reuse. Over a year that difference dwarfs the price gap between tank models.
- Sludge. Paper fiber, label glue, fines, and grit have to go somewhere. A dedicated screw press de-waters the sludge into a 60–70% solid cake that is cheap to haul away, instead of leaving you with a liquid-waste headache.
Specify the water loop and sludge press in the same RFQ as the tank. Bolting them on afterward almost always costs more and fits worse.
Step 5: Place the tank correctly in the wash line
A sink-float tank is a separation stage, not a standalone machine. It needs the right feed condition coming in and the right handoff going out:
- Upstream: material should already be size-reduced and pre-washed. A șaibă de fricțiune sau hot wash system ahead of the tank removes the bulk of glue and surface dirt so the float-sink split is clean.
- Downstream: separated flake still carries water. Plan for dewatering and drying before pelletizing, and — if you are chasing food-grade rPET — the electrostatic or optical PVC-removal step mentioned earlier.
If you are scoping a full line rather than a single machine, start from the washing system level and let the tank size fall out of the line target.
Quick-reference sizing checklist
Before you send an RFQ, have answers to these:
- What polymers are in the feed, and what is the approximate float:sink ratio?
- What is the realistic throughput band for that material — not your best-case peak?
- What purity does your buyer or extruder actually require?
- Is the feed clean post-industrial, or contaminated post-consumer? (This usually decides single- vs triple-row.)
- Are water reuse (DAF) and a sludge press included in the scope?
- What machine feeds the tank, and what machine receives the separated streams?
Five sizing mistakes that cost you later
- Sizing on peak kg/h. Residence time, not nameplate capacity, sets purity. Size for sustained rate on your dirtiest realistic feed.
- Expecting water alone to remove PVC from PET. It can’t — both sink. Plan the polishing step up front.
- Ignoring the water loop. A tank with no DAF can quietly cost more in fresh water and discharge fees than the tank itself.
- Forgetting sludge. No dewatering means a recurring liquid-waste cost and downtime.
- Buying the tank in isolation. The wrong upstream wash or downstream dryer makes a perfectly sized tank look like it failed.
Frequently asked questions
Can a sink-float tank fully separate PET from PVC?
No. PET (1.38–1.40 g/cm³) and PVC (1.35–1.45 g/cm³) both sink with overlapping densities, so a water tank sends them to the bottom together. For sub-50-ppm PVC in rPET, add an electrostatic separator or NIR optical sorter as a polishing stage after the tank.
How much water does a sink-float tank consume?
Typically 20–30 m³ of fresh water per ton without filtration. With a DAF and sedimentation loop, that usually drops to 3–5 m³ per ton (up to ~85% reuse), which is where most of the operating-cost savings come from.
When is a triple-row tank worth the extra cost?
Generally when your line runs above ~1,500 kg/h or your feed is heavily contaminated post-consumer material (curbside, DRS bales, mixed rigids). The extra two passes lift purity and reduce downstream filter changes, usually paying back within the first year.
Where does the tank sit in the line?
After size reduction and pre-washing/friction or hot washing, and before dewatering, drying, and pelletizing. Clean feed in means a clean float-sink split out.
Need help matching a tank to your specific feed and line target? Share your polymer mix, contamination level, and throughput goal, and our engineers can recommend a sink-float separation tank configuration — single- or triple-row, with the right water loop and sludge handling — sized around your actual process rather than a headline number.
