{"id":7722,"date":"2026-08-06T22:50:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-07T05:50:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/recyclemachine.net\/?p=7722"},"modified":"2026-08-06T22:50:47","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T05:50:47","slug":"ghid-de-clasificare-a-plasticului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.recyclemachine.net\/ro\/ghid-de-clasificare-a-plasticului\/","title":{"rendered":"Coduri de reciclare a plasticului 1\u20137: tipuri \u0219i ghid de reciclare"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Produsele din plastic sunt fabricate din multe polimeri diferi\u021bi, iar fiecare se comport\u0103 diferit \u00een timpul sort\u0103rii, sp\u0103l\u0103rii, t\u0103ierii, separ\u0103rii \u0219i reproces\u0103rii. Prin urmare, identificarea corect\u0103 a tipului de plastic este una dintre cele mai importante etape \u00een orice opera\u021biune de reciclare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Numerele comune g\u0103site pe produsele din plastic, de la <strong>1 la 7<\/strong>sunt cunoscute sub numele de <strong>Coduri de Identificare a Resinei (RICs)<\/strong>. Acestea ajut\u0103 la identificarea resinei principale utilizate pentru fabricarea unui articol din plastic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u0103spuns rapid:<\/strong> Numerele 1\u20137 ale plasticului identific\u0103 diferite categorii de resin\u0103. Ele nu <strong>semnific\u0103<\/strong> automat c\u0103 un produs este reciclabil. Reciclabilitatea real\u0103 depinde de polimer, designul produsului, nivelul de contaminare, sistemul de colectare \u0219i tehnologia de reciclare disponibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru reciclatori, \u00een\u021belegerea acestor tipuri de plastic ajut\u0103, de asemenea, la determinarea metodei de sortare, procesului de sp\u0103lare, ma\u0219inii de t\u0103iat, zdrobitorului, separatorului \u0219i sistemului de granulare care trebuie utilizat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 Numerele de Reciclare ale Plasticului?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sistemul de Coduri de Identificare a Resinei a fost dezvoltat ini\u021bial pentru a ajuta la identificarea diferitelor rezine de plastic \u0219i pentru a sprijini sortarea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cele \u0219apte categorii principale sunt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PET sau PETE<\/strong> Polietilena Tereftalat\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HDPE<\/strong> \u2014 Polietilen\u0103 cu Densitate \u00cenalt\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PVC<\/strong> \u2014 Clorur\u0103 de Vinil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>LDPE<\/strong> \u2014 Polietilen\u0103 cu Densitate joas\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PP<\/strong> \u2014 Polipropilen\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PS<\/strong> \u2014 Polistiren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALTE<\/strong> \u2014 Alte pl\u0103ci de plastic cum ar fi ABS, PC, PA, PMMA, PLA \u0219i materialele multistrat<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este important s\u0103 facem distinc\u021bia \u00eentre un <strong>cod de identificare a resinei<\/strong> \u0219i o revendicare de reciclare. Conform ASTM D7611\/D7611M, codul identific\u0103 rezina plastic\u0103 utilizat\u0103 \u00eentr-un articol; prezen\u021ba unui cod nu garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 produsul poate sau va fi reciclat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tipurile de Plastic 1\u20137: Comparare Rapid\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th>Cod<\/th><th>Plastic<\/th><th>Densitate Tipic\u0103*<\/th><th>Comportament \u00een Ap\u0103<\/th><th>Aplica\u021bii comune<\/th><th>Dificultatea Recicl\u0103rii<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>#1<\/td><td>PET<\/td><td>1,34\u20131,39 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>Sifon\u0103ri<\/td><td>Bottle de b\u0103uturi, containere pentru alimente, polistiren<\/td><td>Sc\u0103zut\u2013Mediu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>#2<\/td><td>HDPE<\/td><td>0,94\u20130,97 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>Flotoare<\/td><td>Bote, containere, co\u0219uri, conducte<\/td><td>Sc\u0103zut<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>#3<\/td><td>PVC<\/td><td>~1,16\u20131,45+ g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>De obicei plute\u0219te<\/td><td>Conducte, profile, pardoseli, izola\u021bie de cablu<\/td><td>Mediu\u2013\u00cenalt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>#4<\/td><td>LDPE<\/td><td>0,91\u20130,94 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>Flotoare<\/td><td>Film, pungi, ambalare cu film termoretracibil<\/td><td>Mediu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>#5<\/td><td>PP<\/td><td>0,89\u20130,92 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>Flotoare<\/td><td>Capse, co\u0219uri, containere, pungi tricotate<\/td><td>Sc\u0103zut\u2013Mediu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>#6<\/td><td>PS<\/td><td>~1,04\u20131,07 g\/cm\u00b3<\/td><td>PS rigid de obicei plute\u0219te<\/td><td>Produse HIPS, tablouri, spum\u0103 EPS<\/td><td>Mediu\u2013\u00cenalt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>#7<\/td><td>ALTE<\/td><td>Variaz\u0103<\/td><td>Variaz\u0103<\/td><td>ABS, PC, PA, PMMA, PLA, pl\u00e1stici multilaye<\/td><td>Variaz\u0103<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">*Valoarea densit\u0103\u021bii este aproximativ\u0103. Densitatea real\u0103 variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de gradul de polimer, umpluturi, consolidare, aditivi \u0219i construc\u021bia produsului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Densitatea este deosebit de util\u0103 \u00een reciclare deoarece permite separarea anumitor pl\u00e1stici folosind <strong>separarea prin scufundare-plutire<\/strong>. Cu toate acestea, separarea pe baza densit\u0103\u021bii nu poate distinga fiecare polimer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, at\u00e2t PP, c\u00e2t \u0219i majoritatea claselor de PE au densit\u0103\u021bi sub ap\u0103 \u0219i, prin urmare, plutesc \u00een un recipient standard cu ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#1 PET \u2014 Polietilena Tereftalat\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PET, de asemenea, scris ca PETE, este unul dintre cele mai larg reciclate pl\u00e1stice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produse comune din PET<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PET se g\u0103se\u0219te adesea \u00een:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u0103uturi din sticl\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botele de b\u0103uturi r\u0103coritoare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botele de ulei de g\u0103tit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sticle de alimente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trays din PET<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fibre \u0219i textile din poliestier<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strapping din PET<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PET este puternic, u\u0219or de greutate, transparent \u0219i are excelente propriet\u0103\u021bi de barier\u0103, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l deosebit de potrivit pentru ambalarea b\u0103uturilor \u0219i alimentelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Densitatea \u0219i Separarea PET<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Densitatea tipic\u0103 a PET este aproximativ <strong>1,34\u20131,39 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 PET de obicei plute\u0219te \u00een ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceast\u0103 proprietate este extrem de util\u0103 \u00een timpul recicl\u0103rii butoaielor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 ce butoanele din PET sunt zdrobite \u00een fl\u0103c\u0103ri, un tanc\u0103 de separare prin scufundare-plute\u0219te poate ajuta s\u0103 separe:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fl\u0103c\u0103ri din PET \u2014 scufund\u0103<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capete din PP \u2014 plute\u0219te<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capete din HDPE \u2014 plute\u0219te<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceasta permite unei etape de separare prin densitate relativ simple pentru a elimina mult din contaminarea PP \u0219i PE din fl\u0103c\u0103rile din PET.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesul de Reciclare PET<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un proces tipic de reciclare a butoaielor din PET poate include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Debalare \u2192 sortare \u2192 \u00eendep\u0103rtarea etichetelor \u2192 zdrobire \u2192 separare prin scufundare-plute\u0219te \u2192 sp\u0103lare cald\u0103 \u2192 sp\u0103lare prin frecare \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 deconcentrare \u2192 uscare \u2192 sortare a fl\u0103c\u0103rilor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fl\u0103c\u0103rile din PET curate pot fi folosite pentru aplica\u021bii inclusiv fire din poliestier, strapping, extrudare a foii sau reciclare ulterioar\u0103 a granulelor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru reciclarea la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 a butoaielor post-consumator, un complet <strong>Sistem de reciclare a sticlelor PET<\/strong> combine sortarea, reducerea dimensiunii, sp\u0103larea, separarea prin densitate \u0219i uscarea \u00eentr-un proces continuu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Provoc\u0103rile Principale ale Recicl\u0103rii PET<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contaminan\u021bii comuni includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PVC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capete din PP \u0219i PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Etichete<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adhesive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resturi de alimente \u0219i b\u0103uturi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PET colorat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alte polimeri<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Contaminarea cu PVC este deosebit de nedorit\u0103 \u00een reciclarea PET, deoarece PET \u0219i PVC au caracteristici termice diferite \u0219i trebuie separate cu aten\u021bie \u00eenainte de reprocesarea la \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#2 HDPE \u2014 Polietilen\u0103 cu Densitate \u00cenalt\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HDPE este unul dintre cele mai comune pl\u00e1stici rigizi folosi\u021bi \u00een ambalarea de consum \u0219i \u00een aplica\u021bii industriale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produse comune HDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De\u0219eurile tipice HDPE includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Botele de lapte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botele de detergen\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botele de \u0219ampon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Containerelor chimice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Botele de conserve<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Deseuri industriale<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cratere de plastic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pale\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Co\u0219uri de gunoi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u021aevi din HDPE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HDPE combin\u0103 robuste\u021bea, rezisten\u021ba la substan\u021be chimice, rezisten\u021ba la impact \u0219i densitatea relativ sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Densitatea \u0219i Separarea HDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Densitatea tipic\u0103 a HDPE este \u00een jur de <strong>0,94\u20130,97 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t HDPE neumplut plute\u0219te \u00een ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceasta face ca separarea prin densitate apei s\u0103 fie util\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd HDPE este mixat cu pl\u0103cile mai grele, cum ar fi PET sau PVC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, umpluturi \u0219i aditivi pot schimba densitatea unui produs HDPE finit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesul de Reciclare HDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reciclarea HDPE rigid implic\u0103 \u00een mod comun:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sortare \u2192 t\u0103iere sau zdrobire \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 cur\u0103\u021bare prin frecare \u2192 separare prin scufundare \u0219i flotare \u2192 deconcentrare \u2192 uscare \u2192 granulare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Produse mari, cum ar fi barile, containerele groase, paletele, bloca\u0219ii \u0219i conductele, pot necesita o reducere a dimensiunii ini\u021biale \u00eenainte de granulare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>Concasor de plastic rezistent<\/strong> sau un m\u0103cin\u0103tor de plastic rigid poate fi folosit pentru materiale cu perete groas\u0103, \u00een timp ce conductele HDPE lungi necesit\u0103 de obicei un sistem de m\u0103cinare dedicat pentru conducte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru plastic rigid contaminat post-consumator, o <strong>Lini\u0103 de Sp\u0103lare a Plasticlelor Rigid pentru PP, HDPE \u0219i PVC<\/strong> poate integra reducerea dimensiunii, sp\u0103larea, separarea \u0219i uscarea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principalele Provoc\u0103ri ale Recicl\u0103rii HDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Probleme tipice includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Etichete de h\u00e2rtie \u0219i film<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lichid de liant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ulei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Substan\u021be chimice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Componente metalice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Culori diferite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contaminare PP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plastice umplute cu minerale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin urmare, echipamentul necesar depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de faptul dac\u0103 materiala de baz\u0103 const\u0103 \u00een de\u0219eurile industriale curate sau materialul contaminat post-consumator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#3 PVC \u2014 Polivinil Clorur\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PVC este un plastic versatil, utilizat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een construc\u021bii, infrastructur\u0103, pardoseli, produse electrice \u0219i aplica\u021bii industriale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exist\u0103 \u00een ambele <strong>forme rigide PVC<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>flexibile PVC<\/strong> forme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produse PVC comune<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De\u0219eurile tipice de PVC includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pipelor de ap\u0103 \u0219i canalizare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Profileuri de ferestre<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Profileuri de u\u0219i<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Panouri de perete<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pardoseala<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>izola\u021bie de cablu<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Foliile de vinil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hose flexibile<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Produse medicale<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce reciclarea PVC-ului este diferit\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PVC con\u021bine clor ca parte a structurii sale polimerice \u0219i poate con\u021bine, de asemenea, cantit\u0103\u021bi semnificative de aditivi, cum ar fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Plasticizatori<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stabilizatori<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Umpluturi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pigmen\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modificatori de impact<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferitele formule PVC pot, prin urmare, s\u0103 se comporte foarte diferit \u00een timpul recicl\u0103rii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De\u0219eurile de produc\u021bie curate din fabricarea de \u021bevi sau profile PVC sunt, \u00een general, mult mai u\u0219or de reciclat dec\u00e2t de\u0219eurile flexibile PVC post-consumator amestecate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Densitatea PVC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PVC are, de obicei, o densitate mai mare de <strong>1,0 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong> \u0219i, prin urmare, de obicei, plute\u0219te \u00een ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Densitatea sa real\u0103 variaz\u0103 considerabil \u00een func\u021bie de aditivi \u0219i umpluturi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesul de reciclare a PVC-ului<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De\u0219eurile rigide de PVC curate pot fi procesate prin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sortare \u2192 zdrobire \u2192 eliminarea metalelor \u2192 r\u00e2\u0219ni\u021b\u0103 fin\u0103 dac\u0103 este necesar \u2192 clasificare \u2192 re-extrudare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru conductele \u0219i profilurile PVC lungi, exist\u0103 o provocare \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te alimentarea cu materiale pentru ma\u0219inile de zdrobit conven\u021bionale. O <strong>Zdrobitor pentru conducte \u0219i profiluri PVC<\/strong> permite ca materialele lungi s\u0103 fie alimentate orizontal pentru reducerea controlat\u0103 a dimensiunilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unele aplica\u021bii PVC necesit\u0103, de asemenea, ca materialul zdrobit s\u0103 fie redus mai mult \u00een praf fin folosind un r\u00e2\u0219ni\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principalul challenge al recicl\u0103rii PVC-ului<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Principalul challenge este men\u021binerea unui flux PVC constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Amestecarea PVC-ului cu polimeri precum PET, PE sau PP poate reduce calitatea materialului recuperat \u0219i poate crea probleme de procesare \u00een continuare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din acest motiv, identificarea eficient\u0103 a polimerilor \u0219i sortarea sunt extrem de importante atunci c\u00e2nd se proceseaz\u0103 de\u0219eurile de plastic amestecate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#4 LDPE \u2014 Polietilen\u0103 de sc\u0103zut\u0103 densitate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LDPE este un polietilen\u0103 flexibil, folosit \u00een mod larg \u00een filmul de ambalare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferit de containerele rigide HDPE, de\u0219eurile LDPE sunt adesea sub\u021biri, u\u0219oare, murdare \u0219i dificil de alimentat constant \u00een ma\u0219inile de reciclare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produse comune LDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LDPE \u0219i materialele flexibile PE asociate sunt g\u0103site adesea \u00een:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pungile de cump\u0103r\u0103turi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filmul de ambalare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film stretch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filmul de contractare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film agricol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filmul de ser\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buburuze<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ambalarea flexibil\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scrapul de film industrial<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Densitatea LDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Densitatea tipic\u0103 a LDPE este aproximativ <strong>0,91\u20130,94 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t normalmente plute\u0219te \u00een ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce reciclarea filmului este provocatoare<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filmul plastic flexibil creeaz\u0103 mai multe probleme de procesare:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Densitate volumetric\u0103 foarte sc\u0103zut\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cenalt\u0103 umiditate dup\u0103 sp\u0103lare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contaminare cu praf \u0219i nisip<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alimentare continu\u0103 dificil\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film de ambalare \u00een jurul componentelor rotative<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Volum mare de transport<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flux material inconstant<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Filmul agricol poate con\u021bine niveluri ridicate de p\u0103m\u00e2nt, nisip, materie organic\u0103 \u0219i umiditate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proces de reciclare a filmului LDPE<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un proces tipic este:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sortare \u2192 t\u0103iere \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 sp\u0103lare prin frecare \u2192 separare prin flotabilitate \u2192 deconcentrare \u2192 comprimare\/desecare \u2192 densificare \u2192 granulare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru de\u0219eurile flexibile foarte contaminate, un echipament dedicat <strong>Linie de sp\u0103lare pentru reciclarea foliei PP\/PE<\/strong> este de obicei mai potrivit dec\u00e2t ma\u0219inile concepute pentru plasticuri rigide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 sp\u0103lare, un comprimat de film sau densificator poate reduce umiditatea \u0219i cre\u0219te densitatea volumetric\u0103 \u00eenainte de extrudare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#5 PP \u2014 Polipropilen\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polipropilena este un alt principal termoplastic reciclabil \u0219i este folosit pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een produse at\u00e2t rigide, c\u00e2t \u0219i flexibile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produse comune PP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aplica\u021bii tipice includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Capete de sticle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Recipiente pentru alimente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u0103le\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Componente auto<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u0103\u0219ti pentru baterii<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Produse de uz casnic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pungi \u021besute din PP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Buc\u0103\u021bi FIBC jumbo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rafia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Folie ne\u021besut\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resturi de turnare prin injec\u021bie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Densitatea PP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PP are una dintre cele mai mici densit\u0103\u021bi printre pl\u0103cile comune, de obicei \u00een jur de <strong>0,89\u20130,92 g\/cm\u00b3<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin urmare, \u00een mod normal plute\u0219te \u00een ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pot fi separate PP \u0219i PE cu ap\u0103?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu de obicei folosind doar ap\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At\u00e2t PP, c\u00e2t \u0219i majoritatea claselor de PE au densit\u0103\u021bi sub 1.0 g\/cm\u00b3 \u0219i, prin urmare, tind s\u0103 pluteasc\u0103 \u00eentr-un tan\u021b standard de scufundare-plutire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 un simplu tan\u021b de ap\u0103 este extrem de eficient pentru separarea PP\/PE de polimeri mai grele, cum ar fi PET sau PVC, dar de obicei nu poate oferi <strong>separare precis\u0103 PP-versus-PE<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd PP \u0219i PE trebuie separate unul de cel\u0103lalt, pot fi necesare tehnici suplimentare, \u00een func\u021bie de starea materialului \u0219i de cerin\u021bele de puritate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procesul de reciclare PP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru PP rigid:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sortare \u2192 t\u0103iere\/crushing \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 separare \u2192 uscare \u2192 granulare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru buzunare PP \u021besute sau materiale flexibile:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u0103iere \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 cur\u0103\u021bare prin frecare \u2192 deconcentrare \u2192 comprimare\/densificare \u2192 granulare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scrapul PP curat poate necesita doar reducerea dimensiunilor \u0219i extrudarea, \u00een timp ce PP post-consumator contaminat necesit\u0103 un sistem de sp\u0103lare mai complet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#6 PS \u2014 Polistiren<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polistirenul este adesea asociat cu ambalajele din spum\u0103, dar nu toate PS sunt spum\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Formele comune includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Polistiren general-purpose (GPPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polistiren cu impact ridicat (HIPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polistiren expandat (EPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polistiren extrudat (XPS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produse comune PS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aplica\u021biile includ:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trays rigide pentru alimente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Produse de unica folosin\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u0103ptu\u0219eli HIPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Componente de echipamente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Linii de izolare pentru frigidere<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ambalaje protectoare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cutii din spum\u0103 EPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Materiale de izola\u021bie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Densitate PS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Resina solid\u0103 PS are o densitate u\u0219or mai mare dec\u00e2t apa \u0219i, prin urmare, de obicei, plute\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Produsele spumate, cum ar fi EPS, se comport\u0103 diferit deoarece structura lor con\u021bine un volum mare de aer, conferind produsului finit o densitate aparent\u0103 foarte sc\u0103zut\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce Reciclarea EPS este Diferit\u0103<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">EPS este extrem de u\u0219or \u0219i voluminos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Transportul de\u0219eurilor EPS neprocesate poate fi ineficient deoarece o ma\u0219in\u0103 sau un container poate atinge limita volumului mult \u00eenainte de a atinge capacitatea de greutate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reciclarea EPS include frecvent o etap\u0103 de reducere a volumului, cum ar fi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>M\u0103cinare \u2192 compactare sau topire la temperaturi ridicate \u2192 granulare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Densificarea reduce semnificativ volumul de stocare \u0219i transport \u00eenainte de procesarea ulterioar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principalele Provoc\u0103ri ale Recicl\u0103rii PS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Provoc\u0103rile pot include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Densitate sc\u0103zut\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contaminarea alimentar\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grade mixte<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fluoruri de fosfor \u00een unele aplica\u021bii<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contaminarea cu alte polimeri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Economii de colectare dificile<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scrapul industrial de PS sau HIPS curat poate fi totu\u0219i reciclat mecanic atunci c\u00e2nd este corect identificat \u0219i separat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">#7 ALTE \u2014 ABS, PC, PA, PMMA, PLA \u0219i Alte Plastice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Codul 7 este adesea gre\u0219it \u00een\u021beles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Efectueaz\u0103 <strong>semnific\u0103<\/strong> Acest lucru \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 plasticul este automat un material amestecat sau c\u0103 nu poate fi reciclat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen schimb, Codul 7 ac\u021bioneaz\u0103 ca o categorie larg\u0103 pentru plasticele care nu se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 sub Codurile 1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple de plastice Codul 7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen func\u021bie de produs \u0219i de sistemul de codificare, aceast\u0103 categorie poate include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ABS \u2014 Acrilonitril Butadien Stiren<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PC \u2014 Poliacrilat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PA \u2014 Polyamide \/ Nylon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PMMA \u2014 Acrilic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PLA \u2014 Acidul polilactic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plastice ingineristice diverse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multilayer structures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anumite amestecuri polimerice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceste materiale au propriet\u0103\u021bi foarte diferite \u0219i, prin urmare, nu pot fi tratate ca un singur flux de reciclare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Poate plasticul Cod 7 s\u0103 fie reciclat?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uneori, da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un flux curat \u0219i bine sortat de de\u0219eu industrial ABS, PC, PA sau PMMA poate fi potrivit pentru reciclare mecanic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dificultatea apare atunci c\u00e2nd diferite polimeri Cod 7 sunt amesteca\u021bi \u00eempreun\u0103 sau c\u00e2nd compozi\u021bia exact\u0103 a resinei este necunoscut\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pentru plasticele de inginerie, identificarea precis\u0103 poate necesita metode de sortare sau analitice mai sofisticate \u00eenainte de t\u0103iere cu shredder, separare \u0219i extrudare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum cum se identific\u0103 diferitele plastice \u00eentr-un parcurs de reciclare?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Codi de rezin\u0103 sunt utili c\u00e2nd sunt vizibili, dar fabricile de reciclare industrial\u0103 nu pot s\u0103 se bazeze integral pe numerele tip\u0103rite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Etichetele pot fi lips\u0103, produsele pot fi sparte \u015fi de\u015feurile industriale ar putea niciodat\u0103 s\u0103 nu fi avut un simbol de identificare a resinei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prin urmare, mai multe metode de identificare \u0219i separare sunt adesea utilizate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3duri de identificare a resinelor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Marc\u0103rile RIC ofer\u0103 o indica\u021bie rapid\u0103 ini\u021bial\u0103 a tipului de polimer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sunt deosebit de utile pentru identificarea manual\u0103 a ambalajelor \u0219i produselor modelate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, nu ar trebui s\u0103 fie tratate ca o solu\u021bie complet\u0103 de sortare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Sortare vizual\u0103 \u0219i manual\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Operatorii experimenta\u021bi pot identifica adesea materiale folosind caracteristici precum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tipul produsului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Culoare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rigiditatea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Transparen\u0163\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aspectul suprafe\u021bei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aplica\u021bie tipic\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sortarea manual\u0103 este simpl\u0103, dar devine mai pu\u021bin practic\u0103 la un volum mare de produc\u021bie sau atunci c\u00e2nd polimerii similari vizual sunt amesteca\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Separarea prin densitate \u0219i flotabilitate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Separarea prin densitate este una dintre cele mai utilizate tehnici \u00een reciclarea plasticului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00centr-un tan cu ap\u0103 standard:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PP de obicei floteaz\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LDPE de obicei floteaz\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HDPE de obicei floteaz\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PET de obicei se scufund\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PVC de obicei se scufund\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PS solid de obicei se scufund\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aceasta face ca separarea prin flotabilitate s\u0103 fie deosebit de util\u0103 \u00een aplica\u021bii precum reciclarea sticlelor de PET, unde fl\u0103c\u0103rile de PET pot fi separate de capsele de PP \u0219i PE care floteaz\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, densitatea poate fi modificat\u0103 de umpluturi, aditivi, re\u00eenfor\u021b\u0103ri, spumare sau construc\u021bii multilamurale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>Rezervor de separare chiuvet\u0103-plutitor<\/strong> ar trebui s\u0103 fie considerat ca o parte a unui proces de sortare complet\u0103, nu ca un separator de polimeri universal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Sortare optic\u0103 NIR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sistemele de sortare cu lumin\u0103 near-infraro\u0219ie, sau NIR, analizeaz\u0103 lumina reflectat\u0103 pentru a identifica automat multe tipuri diferite de polimeri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tehnologia NIR este folosit\u0103 pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 \u00een opera\u021biuni de sortare cu \u00eenalt\u0103 capacitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, performan\u021ba depinde de factori precum:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Starea suprafe\u021bei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Culoarea materialului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contaminare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Geometria produsului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Configura\u021bia senzorului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sistemele NIR conven\u021bionale pot avea dificult\u0103\u021bi \u00een identificarea unor pl\u0103ci de polimeri cu carbon negru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Analiz\u0103 FTIR<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spectroscopia infraro\u0219ie cu transformare Fourier, sau FTIR, poate fi folosit\u0103 pentru a identifica polimeri necunoscu\u021bi prin analiza spectrului lor de absorb\u021bie infraro\u0219ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FTIR este deosebit de util pentru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Analiz\u0103 de laborator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verificarea materialului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>De\u0219eurile industriale necunoscute<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Controlul calit\u0103\u021bii<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este \u00een general un instrument de identificare, nu un proces de separare mecanic\u0103 \u00een mas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Separare electrostatic\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 ce plasticul a fost redus corespunz\u0103tor la dimensiuni, cur\u0103\u021bat \u0219i uscat, separarea electrostatic\u0103 poate fi folosit\u0103 \u00een anumite aplica\u021bii pentru a separa pl\u0103cile de polimeri mixte \u00een func\u021bie de diferen\u021bele \u00een comportamentul electric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Echitatea procesului depinde foarte mult de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Combina\u021bia de polimeri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dimensiunea particulelor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Con\u021binut de ap\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cur\u0103\u021benia suprafe\u021bei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compozi\u021bia materialului<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Testarea materialului este de obicei recomandat\u0103 \u00eenainte de a selecta un sistem de separare electrostatic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce este important\u0103 separarea corect\u0103 a plasticului<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O linie de reciclare face mai mult dec\u00e2t s\u0103 mic\u0219oreze plasticul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obiectivul este s\u0103 se produc\u0103 un material reciclat cu o puritate suficient de consistent\u0103, nivel de umiditate, dimensiune a particulelor \u0219i compozi\u021bie pentru aplica\u021bia sa de utilizare ulterioar\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O separare deficitar\u0103 a polimerilor poate cauza:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Extrudare instabil\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Propriet\u0103\u021bi mecanice reduse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defecte de suprafa\u021b\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inconsisten\u021b\u0103 de culoare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blocarea filtrului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rata ridicat\u0103 a materialelor respinse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Valoarea materialului reciclat inferioar\u0103<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Puritatea necesar\u0103 depinde de produsul final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O uzin\u0103 de reciclare care produce produse mulate de grad sc\u0103zut poate tolera mai mult\u0103 contaminare dec\u00e2t o uzin\u0103 care produce granule, foi, fibr\u0103 sau material de sticl\u0103 de grad \u00eenalt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Din acest motiv, procesul de reciclare corect trebuie \u00eentotdeauna proiectat \u00een jurul ambelor <strong>materialele de baz\u0103<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>produsului final necesar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proces de reciclare tipic dup\u0103 tipul plastic<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Plastic<\/td><td>Ruta de reciclare tipic\u0103<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sticle PET<\/td><td>Sortare \u2192 eliminarea etichetelor \u2192 zdrobire \u2192 separare prin densitate \u2192 sp\u0103lare la cald \u2192 uscare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Botele HDPE<\/td><td>Sortare \u2192 zdrobire \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 separare prin densitate \u2192 uscare \u2192 granulare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Baruri\/crate HDPE<\/td><td>Rupere \u2192 zdrobire \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 uscare \u2192 granulare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Canale\/profili PVC<\/td><td>Zdrobire \u2192 eliminarea metalelor \u2192 r\u00e2\u0219ire\/pulverizare \u2192 reprocesare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Film LDPE<\/td><td>T\u0103iere \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 deshidratare \u2192 comprimare\/densificare \u2192 granulare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Plastic rigid PP<\/td><td>M\u0103cinare \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 separare \u2192 uscare \u2192 granulare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pungi \u021besute din PP<\/td><td>T\u0103iere \u2192 sp\u0103lare \u2192 comprimare\/densificare \u2192 granulare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>EPS<\/td><td>M\u0103cinare \u2192 densificare\/compacare \u2192 granulare<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ABS\/PC\/PA\/PMMA<\/td><td>Identificare \u2192 sortare \u2192 m\u0103cinare\/crushing \u2192 separare dup\u0103 nevoie \u2192 extrudare<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu exist\u0103 o singur\u0103 ma\u0219in\u0103 de reciclare plastic ideal\u0103 pentru fiecare tip de materiie prim\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cum s\u0103 alegi echipamentul de reciclare plastic potrivit<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cenainte de a selecta un m\u0103cin\u0103tor, cruncer, linie de sp\u0103lare, sistem de separare sau granulator, mai multe factori trebuie evalua\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tip plastic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determin\u0103 dac\u0103 materialul este:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PET<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HDPE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>LDPE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PP<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PVC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PMMA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plastic mixt<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2nd este posibil, evit\u0103 proiectarea unui proces de reciclare \u00een jurul materialului mixt nedeclarat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Forma materialului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acela\u0219i polimer poate necesita echipamente complet diferite \u00een func\u021bie de forma sa fizic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De exemplu, HDPE poate ajunge sub forma:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sticle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dulapuri<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pale\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bule mari<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tuburi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">LDPE poate ajunge sub forma:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Film liber<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film balat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film agricol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film stretch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Margine de produc\u021bie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dimensiunile materialului, grosimea peretelui, densitatea volumic\u0103 \u0219i comportamentul de alimentare afecteaz\u0103 direct alegerea ma\u0219inii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contaminare<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determin\u0103 dac\u0103 materialul con\u021bine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u0103m\u00e2nt<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nisip<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00e2rtie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Etichete<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lichid de liant<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ulei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alimente<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metalul<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sticl\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lemn<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alte pl\u00e1stice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scrapul curat de la fabric\u0103 poate necesita doar m\u0103cinare \u0219i granulare, \u00een timp ce de\u0219eurile contaminate puternic post-consumator pot necesita o linie complet\u0103 de sp\u0103lare \u0219i separare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Produs final necesar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Procesul de reciclare ar trebui s\u0103 fie proiectat \u00een jurul rezultatului dorit:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Buc\u0103\u021bi m\u0103run\u021bite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fulgi cura\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>plastic regrind<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pulbere fin\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Material densificat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Granule reciclate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Echipamentele care sunt potrivite pentru producerea de material t\u0103iat la 20\u201350 mm sunt foarte diferite de un sistem conceput pentru a produce granule de extrudare curate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Capacitate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specific\u0103 capacitatea de produc\u021bie necesar\u0103 \u00een <strong>kg\/h sau tone\/h<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rata de produc\u021bie afecteaz\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dimensiunea ma\u0219inii<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Puterea motorului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dimensiunile transportoarelor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dimensiunile tanului de sp\u0103lare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capacitatea usc\u0103torului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dimensiunea extruderului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Planificarea fabricii<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cerin\u021be de utilitate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Utilit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i condi\u021bii ale sitului<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un proiect complet de reciclare ar trebui s\u0103 ia \u00een considerare \u0219i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tensiune<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frecven\u0163\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disponibilitatea energiei electrice tricizonic\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Furnizarea apei<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tratamentul de\u0219eurilor de ap\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aer comprimat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cerin\u021bele de \u00eenc\u0103lzire<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spa\u021biul disponibil la sol<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00cen\u0103l\u021bimea tavanului<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stocarea materialelor<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Evaluarea acestor factori \u00eenainte de alegerea echipamentului poate preveni modific\u0103rile scumpe ulterioare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00centreb\u0103ri Frecvente Despre Codurile de Reciclare a Plasticii<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 numerele 1 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 7 pe plastic?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sunt Coduri de Identificare a Resinei Plastice utilizate pentru a identifica resinul plastic primar. Codurile 1\u20136 reprezint\u0103 mai multe familii majore de resin\u0103, \u00een timp ce Codul 7 acoper\u0103 alte pl\u00e1stici din afara acestor categorii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00censeamn\u0103 c\u0103 un num\u0103r de reciclare indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 plasticul este reciclabil?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu. Un num\u0103r de identificare a resinii identific\u0103 materialul; nu garanteaz\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 un sistem de colectare sau reciclare pentru acel produs \u00een particular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reciclabilitatea depinde de polimer, designul produsului, contaminarea, infrastructura regional\u0103 de colectare \u0219i tehnologia de procesare disponibil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce tipuri de plastic floteaz\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PP neumplut, LDPE \u0219i HDPE floteaz\u0103 \u00een general deoarece densit\u0103\u021bile lor sunt \u00een general sub 1.0 g\/cm\u00b3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PET, PVC \u0219i PS solid floteaz\u0103 \u00een general.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Umpluturi, aditivi, spumare \u0219i construc\u021bie compozit\u0103 pot schimba acest comportament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Se pot separa PP \u0219i PE folosind un rezervor de scufundare-flotare normal?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu eficient \u00een majoritatea cazurilor deoarece at\u00e2t PP, c\u00e2t \u0219i gradele comune de PE floteaz\u0103 \u00een ap\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un rezervor de scufundare-flotare bazat pe ap\u0103 standard este mai eficient pentru separarea PP\/PE flotate de materiale mai grele, cum ar fi PET sau PVC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cele mai u\u0219oare pl\u00e1stici de reciclat?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fluxuri de monopolimer curate de PET, HDPE, PP \u0219i PE sunt procesate pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103 prin reciclare mecanic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu toate acestea, starea materialului poate fi mai important\u0103 dec\u00e2t codul de resin\u0103 \u00een sine. De exemplu, de\u0219eurile industriale curate de PP pot fi mult mai u\u0219or de reciclat dec\u00e2t PET post-consumator contaminat \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Este plasticul cu Codul 7 reciclabil?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unele pl\u00e1stici cu Codul 7 sunt reciclabile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABS curat, PC, PA, PMMA \u0219i alte de\u0219euri de produc\u021bie de plastic de inginerie pot fi reciclate mecanic dac\u0103 polimerul este identificat corect \u0219i p\u0103strat separat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Materialul mixt, multilayer sau neidentificat, cod 7, este mult mai dificil de procesat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De ce reprezint\u0103 contaminarea cu PVC o problem\u0103 \u00een reciclarea PET?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PVC \u0219i PET au caracteristici de procesare diferite. Contaminarea cu PVC poate afecta negativ reprocesarea PET \u0219i calitatea produsului final, f\u0103c\u00e2nd sortarea eficient\u0103 important\u0103 \u00een reciclarea PET de \u00eenalt\u0103 puritate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce ma\u0219ini sunt folosite pentru reciclarea plasticului?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen func\u021bie de materiala de baz\u0103, o linie de reciclare poate include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Transportoare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toc\u0103toare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crushere sau granulatori de plastic<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ecrane trommel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Separatoare magnetice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sp\u0103l\u0103toare de frecare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sisteme de sp\u0103lare la temperaturi ridicate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tancuri de scufundare-float<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ma\u0219ini de deshidratare<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Usc\u0103toare termice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Suctoare de film<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Densificatori<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Separatoare optice sau electrostatice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sisteme de granulare<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Configura\u021bia corect\u0103 depinde de tipul plasticului, contaminarea, capacitatea necesar\u0103 \u0219i produsul final \u021bint\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De la Identificarea Plasticului la un Proces de Reciclare Complet<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen\u021belegerea codurilor de reciclare a plasticului este un punct de plecare util, dar reciclarea industrial\u0103 necesit\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t simpla identificare a unui num\u0103r pe un produs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tipul polimerului, densitatea, contaminarea, forma fizic\u0103, dimensiunea particulelor, umiditatea \u0219i cerin\u021bele de puritate final\u0103 influen\u021beaz\u0103 modul \u00een care trebuie proiectat\u0103 o linie de reciclare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O uzin\u0103 de reciclare a sticlei PET poate depinde \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de separarea prin densitate \u0219i sp\u0103lare la cald. O uzin\u0103 de film LDPE necesit\u0103 sp\u0103lare eficient\u0103, dezvatizare \u0219i densificare. Conductele PVC sau HDPE lungi necesit\u0103 echipamente specializate pentru reducerea dimensiunilor. Plasticele de inginerie mixte pot necesita identificare \u0219i separare avansat\u0103 \u00eenainte de extrudare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Rumtoo, proiect\u0103m \u0219i fabric\u0103m echipamente de reciclare a plasticului pentru o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de aplica\u021bii cu plastic rigid \u0219i flexibil, inclusiv <strong>shreddere de plastic, crumpe, linii de sp\u0103lare, sisteme de separare prin scufundare-plongere, echipamente de uscare \u0219i linii de granulare<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 pl\u0103nuie\u0219ti un proiect de reciclare, furnizeaz\u0103 <strong>tipul de plastic, fotografii ale materialului, dimensiunile maxime, nivelul de contaminare, dimensiunea maxim\u0103 necesar\u0103 a ie\u0219irii, capacitatea \u021bint\u0103 \u0219i tensiunea\/frecven\u021ba local\u0103<\/strong>. Pe baza acestei informa\u021bii, procesul de reciclare \u0219i configura\u021bia echipamentului pot fi potrivite cu materiile prime reale, \u00een loc s\u0103 se bazeze pe o solu\u021bie de un singur tip pentru toate.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technical overview of A Complete Plastic Classification Guide: From Waste to Resource. Explore the latest engineering standards and operational best practices for industrial recycling facilities.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1997],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7722","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-buying-guides","post_format-post-format-image"],"tsf_seo":{"title":"Coduri de reciclare a plasticului 1\u20137: tipuri \u0219i ghid de reciclare","description":"Learn what plastic recycling codes 1\u20137 mean. 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